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Designation is the act of setting aside something, or devoting it to a particular purpose.〔“Shorter Oxford English Dictionary” Oxford University Press, 6th edition, 2007〕 In the legal planning context, it is also “the action of choosing a place for a special purpose or giving it a special status”.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=designation )〕 The process of designation confers a legal status on a property by a specific law and provides a degree of legal protection (which varies by country). The term ‘designation’ is used when referring to the formal protection by legal statute for a wide range of heritage assets, including Listed Buildings and World Heritage Sites as well as many others. The UK Government publication ''Planning Policy Statement 5: (Planning for the Historic Environment)'' states that a Designated Heritage Asset can be: a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Planning Policy Statement 5:(Planning for the Historic Environment) )〕 Each type of heritage asset is designated as such using different legislation. ==Types of Heritage Designation legislation== In the UK, the process of giving some measure of legal protection to special buildings and other historic artefacts, is grouped under the general term ‘designation of heritage assets’. This is also sometimes referred to as 'heritage designation' or as the ‘heritage protection process’ and uses a range of different pieces of Heritage Protection legislation which have been formed piecemeal over the centuries. The purpose of designating heritage assets is to ensure that the significance and character of the asset in question is protected through the planning system, to ensure they are passed on to future generations. The UK Government White paper ''Heritage Protection for the 21st Century'' describes designation as being “the first step in an effective heritage protection system. It is a means of identifying those aspects of our past that are most important to us, and explaining why they are important. Effective designation is also the basis for decisions about the way we manage change to the historic environment." In England (note that Scotland, Ireland and Wales have their own legislative frameworks): * Listed Buildings: Buildings (and other structures which are not buildings, such as letter boxes, road signs, pedestrian crossings and so on) are generally “listed”. This protection system has been in place since 1947 and operates under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The test for listing are architectural or historic interest, if a building is felt to meet the necessary standards, it is added to the list. This decision is taken by Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. * Scheduled Monuments: Archaeological sites are “scheduled”. Scheduling originated in 1882 and aims to protect key sites which are carefully managed for the future. The current system operates under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the Secretary of State has discretion in whether to schedule a site or to decide whether another form of management would be better. * Historic wreck sites are designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act of 1973 and registered by Department of Culture, Media and Sport. Submerged sites up to 12 miles from the coast may be scheduled as well. * Historic landscapes and ancient battlefields may be “registered”. The Register of Parks and Gardens was created by the 1983 National Heritage Act. The Battlefields Register was established in 1995. Both Registers are administered by English Heritage. These designations do not carry separate controls, but are material considerations in the planning process.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Criteria for Protection )〕 * Conservation areas of 'special architectural or historic interest whose character or appearance is worth protecting or enhancing’ were first designated in 1967, and the legislation was revised in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 * World Heritage Sites receive legal protection by UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Designation (heritage assets)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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